Whoopie sling arborist age. Your Partner In The Upper Reaches.

Whoopie sling arborist age. MBS: 16,500lbsUn eslinga whoopie permite un aparejo ajustable en segundos, a menudo utilizado para anclar un bloque o dispositivo de fricción cómodamente a un árbol. Known for their spliced adjustable sections these are a perennial favorite! If you havent already, make sure to check out our best selling Ultra-Slings™. com : Pelican Rope The Brainiac Arborist Whoopie Sling - Adjustable Port A Wrap Sling - 1/2, 5/8, & 3/4 inch Diameter Tree Strap Rope & Adjustable Rigging Sling : Sports & OutdoorsThe Brainiac Adjustable Whoopie Sling Unleash the Smartest Girth on Earth Our Brainiac Whoopie Sling is fully adjustable and designed especially for use with port-a-wraps and other anchoring devices for tree Whoopie Slings Adjustable, load-rated two-eye lifting slings. Each sling is permanently tagged with its capacity, polybagged and shipped in a carton. Holding your hardware in place, pull the leg (which adjusts the loop Apr 21, 2025 · ROPE LOGIC'S AMSTEEL BLUE 3/8 WHOOPIE SLING 40"-15ft - ARBORIST RIGGING 31999 G Green Pro Supplies (3628) Once considered “the only way to go” but lately given favor to the minimalist approach, the Whoopie sling can be adjusted short (4-ft) to long (12-ft) with it special adjustment feature and attached to the tree by simply threading the Portawrap through its opposite end. com/product/amsmore Buy Arbo Space 3/4" LPX 12 Strand Polyester Hollow Braid Arborist Adjustable Whoopie Sling Made in USA: Wire Rope - Amazon. 60 May 19, 2024 · This is why I splice my own whoopies. Made from high strength Oct 23, 2024 · Heavy-Duty Adjustable Whoopie Sling: Perfect for Heavy-Duty tasks, this durable whoopie sling is designed to work seamlessly with a Portawrap for secure tie-downs and tree work. Our brand introduces a new era of rope technology, fusing innovation and style to elevate the modern arborist craft The Rope Logic Double Headed Ring Slings are designed to provide multiple rigging solutions in any tree. Available in 2 different sizes. Our Whoopie slings are made from tough Yalex. Brand new out of the bag . 99 – $ 72. Heavy Duty Arborist Whoopie Sling - 3/4" x17' Logic Rigging Sling Perfect for Tree Work, and Anchor for Port A Wrap | Durable and Versatile 1 $5390 List: $59. WLL 6,618 LBS American Arborist Supplies carries a complete selection of Whoopie Sling - 5/8 Apr 22, 2021 · Amazon. American Arborist Supplies carries a complete selection of Whoopie Sling 1/2 American Arborist Supplies carries a complete selection of ISC 1/2 The Whoopie Sling by Pelican Rope is is ideal for arborists, tree work, Girth Hitches, portawraps, creating chokes, tree rigging, whoopie splices, anchor points. This whoopie sling can be adjusted from short to long in just seconds and is often used by riggers to anchor a block or friction device to a tree. SNAP , right on the fence. Rope Logic Whoopie Ring Slings - TreeStuff. Either 3-8' or 4-11'. May 11, 2016 · So my question is what eye/woopie/loopie slings do you guys prefer for attaching a portawrap to 6-8ft diameter trees. Now I am either going to pick up a Whoopie, or a The Whoopie sling lets you rig without tying knots. 95 - $110. The sling has a permanent eye splice at one end, and an adjustable eye at the other end that allows it to adapt to loads of various sizes. Rigging. Going to get 2 spliced eye slings for my blocks and am wondering what to do about the sling for my PWIII. Tenex whoppie sling that adds friction in the rigging system to the top of the tree, thus adding safety by reducing rigging point stress, compared to a system that uses a block or pulley. I've just bought a webbing sling to anchor my pulley block when rigging: Any upsides or downsides compared to deadeye sling or a whoopie? Can imagine it's simple to use since you dont have ti re-tie it after every cut? Samson Adjustable Whoopie SlingsSamson makes their Adjustable Whoopie Slings from 12-strand polyester Tenex rope. 145 likes, 6 comments - thearboriststore on May 28, 2024: "How to use a Whoopie Sling! Whoopie slings eliminate your need for knots. At Lifting. A whoopie allows the rigger to mount hardware snug against the tree, minimizing slack in the rigging system. Use these marks to do a Back Splice as follows: 1. In the past I have used a hank of 5/8" rope with a bowline tied into the PW. Spider FORESTER Arborist Whoopie Sling - 1/2" x 3-5' Rigging Sling | Adjustable Length | Arborist Equipment | Climbing Sling | Anchor for Port A Wrap : Amazon. $135. Use the SafeBloc sling anywhere you'd use an arborist block for lowering. Chafe sleeve of rugged polyester for long service life. American Arborist Supplies carries a complete selection of Whoopie Sling 3/4 Canada's Trusted Source for Tree Climbing Gear 1-800-387-4940 Oct 3, 2010 · Never mind. I cut it in half and want to make a short loopie and whoopie sling. a whoopie sling is an adjustable sling , they come in half " , 5 eights , and 3 quarter " diameters. Tree Slings – Essential Tools for Arborist Rigging Tree slings are a crucial part of arborist rigging, used to create secure anchor points and manage loads safely during tree work. I would use it for setting the block in tops or on skinny trees. Insert the end of the Mar 5, 2011 · I purchased a 3/4 tenex sling yesterday and I'm not sure as to which loop you actually attach the block or porty to. Shop now! Free Shipping on Orders Over $99. The 1/2" Sling with size 2 ring is compatible with ropes sizes 1/2'' to 3/4''. Rope Logic Whoopie Ring Slings - SherrilltreeMake a rigging point on any tree in record time with the Rope Logic Whoopie Ring Sling! Quickly adjust your sling length while refusing to sacrifice sling strength. This T-Rex whoopie sling can be adjusted from short to long in just seconds. 6 kN )WLL:3380 lbs ( 15 kN )Este cabestrillo whoopie se puede ajustar de corto a largo en solo unos segundos This whoopie sling can be adjusted from short to long in just seconds and is often used by riggers to anchor a block or friction device to a tree. Dec 10, 2011 · A whoopie sling is one of the easiest things to make. The adjustment allows Loopie Slings Webinars for arborists! We learn best from videos, and we're thinking you probably do, too. What makes Feb 1, 2024 · Amazon. That's why we're making live videos with expert hosts from all over the industry, so you can learn new techniques, check out new gear, and grow your skills. David Driver, the X MAN, the X-Rigging Rings are made of hard-coat anodized aluminum. ca: Sports & OutdoorsForester 1/2" x 3 - 5' Whoopie Sling This adjustable whoopie sling ranges from 3 to 5 feet, making it versatile for fitting around trees and rigging points. Sep 20, 2024 · What is a Whoopie Sling?A Whoopie Sling is an adjustable suspension system that uses a "sliding constrictor" mechanism, much like a Chinese finger trap, allowing for easy length adjustments without the need for bulky hardware or complicated knots. Click here to find upcoming webinars or watch the old ones! Check out our webinars! Jul 7, 2023 · Conclusion A whoopie sling is an easily adjustable rope sling designed for tree pruning or tree removal. includes large Whoopies and loopies are great, and they represent some of the most commonly used slings in the industry. These are rated at 3400lbs choker and the top was about 2k with very minimal dynamic load . com : FORESTER Arborist Whoopie Sling - 1/2" x 3-5' Rigging Sling | Adjustable Length | Arborist Equipment | Climbing Sling | Anchor for Port A Wrap : Sports & OutdoorsArborist Sling - Easily adjust the length for different rigging tasks, with a range from 3 feet to 5 feet. A whoopie allows the arborist to mount hardware snug against the tree, minimizing slack in the rigging system. They have to endure dynamic loads, abrasion, and passing through hardware, while keeping you safe. It quickly became popular among arborists because of its fast and easy installation and use. With years of experience in the industry, we understand the importance of having reliable and durable Subscribed 310 15K views 4 years ago Looking for Whoopie slings already made? https://dutchwaregear. I should add that it is all from learning from this site. The Whoopie Sling is still widely used by Arborists. [1][2] The whoopie sling works by wrapping the sling around the trunk of a tree or a heavy load bearing limb and pulling the end of the rope within the sling through a spliced choker. If 2 bights can fit in the block, then of course you have a 2x on a choker. A whoopie allows the rigger to mount hardware snug against the tree, minimizing slack in the rigging systemTENSILE STRENGTH:22,400 lbs ( 99. com : NOTCH Equipment Large Portawrap & Eye Sling Combo,Silver & Green,KIT27 : Sports & OutdoorsToday's# one selling portawrap combination is not only easy to attach & length-adjust but presents users with about half the rope bulk of everybody's "old favorite" Whoopie sling combo. If Jun 19, 2003 · Have Nick Araya make you a heavy loopie sling fot the blocking, they are much better then a whoopie. Mar 7, 2023 · One eye is fixed and the other is Arborist Rigging Equipment, Arborist Supplies, Heavy Duty Slings, RNA, Whoopie adjustable, with one end of the spliced rope passing through the center of the hollow core Set the choker and shorten the eye to adjust length. 99 Add to cart Notch Large Stainless Steel Portawrap & 12ft Whoopie Sling Up To 3/4in $ 313. You see them used alot to secure a porta wrap to the base of a tree. Desata la circunferencia más inteligente de la Tierra Nuestro Brainiac Whoopie Sling es totalmente ajustable y diseñado especialmente para su uso con port-a-wraps y otros dispositivos de anclaje para aparejos de árboles. Hand spliced from Samson Tenex Tec by the expert splicers at Gap Arborist Supply. 99 Add to cart SKU: N/A Categories: Arborist Rigging Equipment, Heavy Duty Slings, RNA, Whoopie, Arborist Supplies Ask About Our Price Matching Free Shipping for orders over $99. This whoopie sling can be adjusted from short to long in just seconds. au: Sports, Fitness & OutdoorsForester 1/2" x 3 - 5' Whoopie Sling This adjustable whoopie sling ranges from 3 to 5 feet, making it versatile for fitting around trees and rigging points. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases Make a rigging point on any tree in record time with the Rope Logic Whoopie Ring Sling! Quickly adjust your sling length while refusing to sacrifice sling strength. Arborist gear for whoopie splices. 99 - $189. 99 Add to cart Rope Logic Thimble Whoopie #3 $ 172. May 21, 2025 · Whoopie Sling 3/4" T-REX. Types of Tree Slings and Their Applications Dead Eye Slings Notch X-Rigging RING Whoopie Sling TENEX 1/2in 3ft - 5ftBrought to the Tree industry from the Marine industry by J. What are Whoopie Slings? How to use those loops? DIY setup methods? Simply put, a whoopie sling is a rope designed with an adjustable loop. Instructions for making a whoopie sling out of Tenex included backsplicing directions: (In the case of 3/4" rope, according to Sampson one fid length is 16" and a short section is 4-3/4") From the unspliced end of the rope, measure and mark 1/2 fid and then from its end, measure and mark a fid short section. One eye is fixed and the other adjustable, with one end of the rope passing through the center of the hollow core. Get the best deals for Arborist Whoopie Sling at eBay. So,what would be the minimum amount of safe tail length to use these? I ELC whoopie slings are made with TUFF 12 polyester rope for toughness and longevity. com : Arbo Space 3/4" LPX 12 Strand Polyester Hollow Braid Arborist Adjustable Whoopie Sling Made in USA : Sports & OutdoorsWelcome to our Arbo Space! We are a team of professionals dedicated to providing high-quality equipment and supplies for arborists and tree care professionals. Amazon. Which is why our line of climbing and rigging ropes is specifically designed and engineered to meet the rigours of your industry. Includes large-sized stainless steel Portawrap and hand-spliced, all-polyester Whoopie sling. 99 Add to cart X-Rigging XL Beast Whoopie Sling 3/4″ 3-5′ $ 186. com : Arbo Space 1/2" LPX 12 Strand Polyester Hollow Braid Arborist Whoopie Sling (3-5ft) Made in USA : Sports & OutdoorsCrafted for the Demands of Today’s Arborists Introducing our cutting-edge rope technology and welcome to the forefront of arborist excellence. :angry: :angry: :mad: Apr 21, 2025 · ROPE LOGIC'S AMSTEEL BLUE 1/2 WHOOPIE SLING 42"-15ft - ARBORIST RIGGING 32001 G Green Pro Supplies (3639) Whoopie slings allow for knotless tree rigging systems. We also carry a variety of ring-to-ring, soft rig, and eye slings that make lowering limbs both easier and faster. Oct 9, 2017 · A simple guide to setup and tie whoopie slings for hammock suspension and ultralight backpacking. com. 3/4" - Arborist Dead Eye Sling Pelican Rope is an ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturer of high performance synthetic and specialty rope products, rope lanyards, slings and custom rope assemblies. Wrap the adjustable eye around the tree and capture your hardware with it. FORESTER Arborist Whoopie Sling - 1/2" x 3-5' Rigging Sling | Adjustable Length | Arborist Equipment | Climbing Sling | Anchor for Port A Wrap : Amazon. Durable & Versatile Rigging SlingsAvailable in fixed-length and adjustable designsMade from high-strength polyester Arborist Whoopie Sling454 Big Block Chevy ready to go Rope Logic 3-5′ x 3/4″ Tenex Tec Whoopie Sling w/ Triple Thimble $ 239. American Arborist Supplies your #1 source for tree care, arborist supplies and tree climbing and safety equipment. S. The adjustment allows snug lifting control and minimizes the number of fixed length slings required. comMake a rigging point on any tree in record time with the Rope Logic Whoopie Ring Sling! Quickly adjust your sling length while refusing to sacrifice sling strength. It works by wrapping around the trunk of a tree, or a load bearing limb, and pulling the end of the rope through a spliced choker. RNA 1/2″ Swamp Ape Whoopie Slings $ 62. Available in three sizes: 3-8', 4-11', 4-16'. Spliced by the experts at Gap Arborist Supply using 3/4" Teufelberger T-Rex. Designed to fit perfectly around trees and rigging points when tensioned with adjustable and stationary eyes This ready-for-action sling combination was originally requested by California arborist Dave Anderson, and is sure to find praise and popularity from a number of crane- using arborists. If you can learn the skill (easy with a little practice) you can get tenex by-the-foot and make your own slings for only a few bucks a piece in a few minutes. It's somewhat like comparing webbing slings used for rock climbing vs crane rigging slings. I will back splice the ends of the slings. Low prices on arborist supplies, tree climbing gear and tree equipment. They work like a chinese finger trap. Ideal for anchoring and lowering devices like porta wraps, it Rigging Slings Whoopie slings have a permanent eye splice at one end and an adjustable eye at the other end that allows it to adapt to loads of various sizes. WLL: 2,675 LBS American Arborist Supplies carries a complete selection of Whoopie Sling 3/4 Samson Whoopie Sling 3/4" x 3. MBS: 16,500lbs What size whoopie slings do you guys have? We've got a Samson that is good up to about 2' diameter and another that's good up to about 4' in diameter. Nylon slings when used with aerial blocks provide the arborist with the ideal false crotch for lowering limbs and trunk wood. 4m Whoopie Sling (Lime) £88. We offer arborist slings for lifting, including whoopie slings, and slings for cranes. They are designed for knotless rigging. The rigging line can be woven through the three holes for its maximum Pelican Rope 5/8" - 7 FT - Blue Adjustable Rigging Block Sling with Aluminum Ring - 14,800 LBS MBS / 1,480 LBS WLL, 12 Strand, Polyester, Arborist Sling, Tree Climbing Gear $115. Aug 3, 2002 · Just wondering if anyone has snapped a 3/4" whoopie sling . Apr 3, 2025 · Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Arborist Whoopie Sling with Rigging Ring at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Utforska vårt sortiment av Loopie och Whoopie Slingor, för arborister som behöver pålitliga och justerbara lösningar för riggning och lasthantering. I'm looking to add another large one, got any recommendations?. Splicing the eye is the hardest part, use some 7/8" double esterlon. Is their a correct one to use ,or does it not matter? All Feb 24, 2006 · whoopie sling. When weight is applied to the sling, the outer core tightens on the rope This whoopie sling can be adjusted from short to long in just seconds. Gear up for any climb with confidence. The latest gear from the best suppliers. Heavy Duty - Engineered to handle demanding tasks with a maximum breaking strength of 11,000 lbs and a working load limit of 1,750 lbs. Working Load limit 1750 lb (10:1). 99 Add to cart Sale! Rope Logic’s Amsteel Whoopie Sling The Rope Logic Double Headed Ring Slings are designed to provide multiple rigging solutions in any tree. Search google for the sampson/yale websites which have videos on splicing, and also youtube. It is often used by riggers to anchor a block or friction device to a tree. Cree enganches de circunferencia y puntos de estrangulamiento en árboles sin mosquetones u otros enlaces de conexión. Dec 3, 2002 · Rigging slings Currently, I think that a Loopie may be better than a Whoopie sling. Scannable compatible for track and trace capability ⚠️ Warning This whoopie sling can be adjusted from short to long in just seconds and is often used by riggers to anchor a block or friction device to a tree. Set the choker and shorten the eye to adjust. SafeBloc is a triple hole thimble spliced onto a 3-5 ft. 6 kN )WLL:3380 lbs ( 15 kN )Este cabestrillo whoopie se puede ajustar de corto a largo en solo unos segundos Your Partner In The Upper Reaches. Flexible and Versatile Kava Dead Eye Sling: The loose twist design enhances flexibility, making it easy to work with around varying anchor points, trees, or stumps. adjusts from short (1. Arborist, Rigging, Tree Service, Tree Work, Forestry. This adaptability makes it a valuable addition to your tool kit, enhancing your rigging capabilities. Place your hardware where you want it, hold it here. WLL: 3,661 LBS Rigging Slings for ArboristsDiscover rigging slings designed for secure attachment, controlled lowering, and heavy lifting in tree work. Used it to hang a new block and pop out a Digger top . Whoopie ring slings have a spliced-in low friction rigging ring, for a simple rigging setup. Se ajusta de 4' a 11' WLL: 3,760 libras. 5'-10' An adjustable, load-rated two-eye lifting sling, Whoopie Slings have a permanent eye splice at one end, and an adjustable eye at the other end allowing them to adapt to loads of various sizes. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Whoopie Slings are designed for easy Girth Hitching with port-a-wraps and other anchoring devices. In this video we look at the basic concepts: what a whoopie sling is, how to use it, and how Mar 14, 2010 · Is a whoopie sling the way to go and if so how do they work or can I use an old short handline to secure it? I don't have a block, whoopie sling pulley or anything yet just wondering what's the best way to go. Extends 36"-108" - 3-9 ft. Designed to fit perfectly around trees and rigging points when tensioned with adjustable and stationary eyes. 95 - $149. They were originally designed by arborist's as a way to securely hang from a tree. When weight is applied to the sling, the outer core tightens on the rope. Order from Pelican Rope now. Origin: The name Whoopie Sling was apparently first recorded in Tree Care Industry, Volume 11 (2000). I've got myself a loopie sling and a port-a-wrap recently and was wondering if you guys use the loopie or whoopie slings with a block when Oct 9, 2011 · So I nicked a tenex sling a while back. Feb 1, 2024 · Amazon. About this item Arborist Sling - Easily adjust the length for different rigging tasks, with a range from 3 feet to 5 feet. 99 View product Item # ARB WS34TNX ArborMAX 3/4" Tenex Adjustable Whoopie Slings Jan 27, 2004 · What are the strengths of each? What are the weaknesses? I have whoopies, and I use them for the porty and false crotch. The Whoopie is an adjustable eye-to-eye sling, whereas a Loopie is an adjustable loop. I just bid a large cotton wood and my sling is a little small for the job. Its versatile design simplifies tree work and rigging tasks, making your job easier and more efficient. 00 Jun 21, 2021 · Pelican Rope 5/8" - 12 FT - Adjustable Rigging Block Sling with: 3" Eye / 14,800 LBS Strength/ 12 Strand Polyester; Arborist Sling, Tree Rigging Gear, Ultra Rigging Sling A whoopie sling allows for adjustable rigging in seconds, often used to anchor a block or friction device snugly to a tree. Featuring a large Tylaska Rigging Ring hand spliced onto super durable and tough Samon Tenex Tec by the expert splicers at Gap Arborist Supply. We have a great online selection at the lowest prices with Fast & Free shipping on many items! The whoopie allows the rigger to mount the hardware snug against the tree, minimizing slack in the rigging system. Slings were made to allow arborists to adjust the tension of a harness easily, allowing them to avoid tying knots. As another poster noted, new rope is easiest to splice, and larger rope is also easier than small diameter. The description makes it clear that the Sling was developed by and for Arborists and it also describes the use of a pulley block on the Sling. Remeber the block sling should be twice the rating of the rope, and using a loopie gives give you around 4x rating of a deadeye sling when used in a basckett. Which makes them strong as an OX! Spliced in house by Rope Logic with 1/2" Tenex by Samson. I can splice and whip a whoopie in about 15-20 minutes. It will carry heavy loads and you can girth hitch without the use of carabiners. The sherril book I have shows one pic with it attached to the fixed loop and another with it on the adjustable loop. Marlow 2. Arborist Supplies + Tree Climbing Gear at Bartlett Arborist Supply. 49 + Add to Cart Pelican Rope Whoopie slings have been a staple of tree work for a long time. 95 Options The Splice Shop Double Ring 7/8" Soft Anchor Rigging Sling 2 XL Rings Whoopie sling A whoopie sling for hammock camping A whoopie sling is an easily adjustable rope sling designed for tree pruning or tree removal. They’re lifelines. Mar 23, 2008 · I'm just getting into using loop runners and slings and wow what a difference it makes on a job. Jan 9, 2023 · Includes large-sized stainless steel Portawrap and hand-spliced, all-polyester Whoopie sling. com : MGP SUPPLY Port-A-Wrap Kit | Includes Bull Rope, Whoopie Sling, Port Wrap, and Rope Bag | Belay Device Tree, Climbing Gear & Arborist Equipment : Sports & OutdoorsBuy a lot of stuff on Amazon? Tons of items eligible for coverage, from the latest tech like Laptops, Game Consoles, TVs, Phones, and Cameras to major appliances, sporting goods, tools, toys, personal care, furniture This sling is perfect for arborists, other tree workers, landscapers, and for hammock suspension systems. 1/2 Discover durable Tree Climbing and Arborist Slings at Bartlett Arborist Supply, including Dead Eye and Whoopie Slings. The dead eye version is the classic rigging sling, but with two massive Notch XL rigging rings, while the whoopie version allows you to rig without needing to tie knots. Requires operator to know proper rigging knot (s). I know that the loopie can get smaller, and you rarely set it up the same, so it spreads out the wear. Ideal for anchoring and lowering devices like porta Mar 12, 2004 · I need to replace all of my slings within the next few days. com, we offer Dead Eye Slings, Whoopie Slings, Loopie Slings, and X-Ring Slings from Notch, each serving a unique purpose in tree rigging. Adjusts from 4' to 11' WLL: 3,760lbs. Get yours at U. 95 Options The Splice Shop 1" Whoopie Sling $109. These adjustable tree rigging slings are quick to set. 5') to long (16'). Choose between industry-standard Tenex-Tec or, for especially large rigging jobs, Tenex-Tec Pro, which is around 20% stronger and solution-dyed for longer-lasting color. Apr 7, 2013 · You could use amsteel as a whoopie sling, but you'd want a much larger diameter than 3/8 to make up for the loss in strength due to abrasion. What Are Whoopie Slings? A whoopie sling is an adjustable loop made from rope with minimal elasticity. 61 (Inc VAT) In Stock Buy & More Info Out of Stock May 15, 2023 · Amazon. It works by wrapping the sling around the trunk of a tree or a heavy load-bearing limb and then using the attached handles to pull on the sling. I have 2 or three of different sizes each in different diameter tenex so I have the flexibility to get a nice, tight, close fit to my cuts. Available in four different sizes: 3-8', 4-11', 4-16', or 4-20'. To use a whoopie sling: Girth your hardware to the fixed eye. Now featuring Arbsession's excellent #3 rigging thimble - anodized - high strength - 110KN MBS. Whether you need round slings, loop slings, or whoopie slings, our selection provides maximum durability and performance for arborist rigging. The Splice Shop 3/4" Whoopie Sling $71. FREE SHIPPING! American Arborist Supplies carries a complete selection of 3/43/4" tenex whoopie sling with XL friction ring on one end. For arborists like you, ropes aren’t just tools of the trade. I was wondering the advantages of each in rigging. cnlcde spcduamn zlpfgf nrmp cflf pjvtzx gqvovi niwsw uqhjq ramqqrx